Fundamentals of applied acarology

Dedication; Preface; About the Book; Contents; About the Author; 1: Acarology and Its Importance; Further Reading; Electronic References (ER); 2: Historical Account of Acarology; 2.1 Developments Prior to 1850 AD; 2.2 Progress During 1851-1950 AD; 2.3 Developments Since 1951; 2.4 OSU Acarology Development Programme; 2.5 Acarological Societies; 2.6 Journals in Acarology; 2.7 Important Books Published; 2.8 Conclusions; Further Reading; Electronic Reference (ER); 3: Acarine Technology; 3.1 Collection; 3.1.1 Plant-Associated Mites; 3.1.2 Water Mites; 3.1.3 Soil Mites; 3.1.4 Parasitic Mites; 3.1.4.1 Bee-Associated Mites (Barlow 2009; Bush 2009); 3.1.4.2 Mites Associated with Other Insects; 3.1.4.3 Mites from Other Invertebrates; 3.1.4.4 Mites from Vertebrates; 3.1.4.5 Collection from Stored Products; 3.1.5 Collection of Ticks; 3.1.5.1 Direct Examination; 3.1.5.2 Combing Technique; 3.1.5.3 Dipping Technique; 3.1.5.4 Dragging Technique; 3.1.5.5 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Trapping; 3.1.5.6 Host Trapping; 3.2 Preservation/Killing in a Medium; 3.3 Preparation (Slide Mounting); 3.3.1 Preparation for Water Mites; 3.3.2 Plant-Associated Mites; 3.3.2.1 Temporary Preparation; 3.3.2.2 Permanent Preparation; 3.3.3 Preparation of Ticks for Study; 3.3.4 Mounting Ticks on Glass Slides; 3.3.5 Staining; 3.3.6 Slide Preparation Technique; 3.4 Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies (SEM); 3.5 Preparation for Molecular Analysis Studies; 3.6 Photomicrography of Mites; 3.7 Packing and Shipping Mites; 3.7.1 Specimens in Vials; 3.7.2 Shipping Microscope Slides; 3.7.3 Shipping Specimens; 3.8 Working with Live Mites; 3.9 Rearing Techniques; 3.10 Sampling Methods; 3.10.1 Direct Counting; 3.10.2 Imprint Counting; 3.10.3 Mite-Brushing Machine; 3.10.4 Beating Foliage; 3.10.5 Washing Technique; 3.11 Acaricide Testing Techniques; 3.11.1 Slide-Dip Method; 3.11.2 Leaf-Dip Method; 3.11.3 Residual Leaf Disc Assays; 3.11.4 Ovolarvicide Tests; 3.12 Conclusions; Further Reading; Electronic References (ER); 4: Morphology and Anatomy of Acari; 4.1 External Morphology; 4.1.1 Integument; 4.1.1.1 Composition; 4.1.1.2 Colouration; 4.1.1.3 Moulting; 4.1.2 Differences Between Hard Ticks and Soft Ticks; 4.1.3 Body Divisions; 4.1.3.1 Gnathosoma; Chelicerae; Palps; 4.1.3.2 Idiosoma; Legs. Other Idiosomal Structures; 4.1.4 Sensory Receptors; 4.2 Internal Anatomy (Fig. 4.9); 4.2.1 Digestive System; 4.2.2 Central Nervous System; 4.2.3 Circulatory System; 4.2.4 Excretion; 4.2.5 Respiratory System; 4.2.6 Reproductive System; 4.2.7 Musculature; 4.3 Conclusions; Further Reading; Electronic References (ER); 5: Classification of Subclass Acari; 5.1 Superorder Parasitiformes; 5.1.1 Order Opilioacarida; 5.1.2 Order Holothyrida; 5.1.3 Order Mesostigmata; 5.1.3.1 Suborder Monogynaspida; 5.1.3.2 Suborder Trigynaspida; 5.1.3.3 Suborder Sejida; 5.1.4 Order Ixodida.

Present Book, "Fundamentals of Applied Acarology," is written keeping in view non-availability of any standard text dealing in different aspects of acarology at one place. Separate chapters in this book are devoted to Importance of Acarology, Historical account, acarine technology, morphology and anatomy of Acari; Feeding, Development and Reproduction. Molecular developments in relation to mites and ticks are also discussed. Role of mites and ticks in Quarantines of plants and animals; forensic/criminal investigations; and importance of accidental acarophagy are discussed in detail. Safe usage of pesticides based on their mode of action (IRAC's Groups), development of acaricide resistance and measures to mitigate it are discussed. Mite pests of fruit trees, vegetable plants, and floricultural plants; field crops; mite problems in greenhouses/polyhouses; and mite problems encountered under organic cultivation of plants; and their management through minimum usage of pesticides are emphasized. Role of different predaceous mites in controlling plant pests like thrips, aphids and scale insects is elaborately discussed. Biological control of phytophagous mites is discussed in detail. Different animal parasitic mites and ticks are discussed from veterinary and medical point of view. At the end of each chapter, many important references for further reading; and Electronic References (ER) in the form of YouTube links and other weblinks are given to understand fully how these tiny creatures look like; behave, feed and reproduce; nature of damage they cause to plants and animals; and measures to mitigate them. Weblinks will stimulate interest in the readers for more information about different mites and ticks. The knowledge contained in the book may prove as best material for "General and Applied Acarology" course for graduate and post-graduate levels, teachers and researchers in entomology, pest control advisors, professional entomologists, pesticide industry managers, policy planners, and others having interest in mites and ticks.